MOSCOW, August 2 A new method for applying transparent electrodes with indium tin oxide to perovskite solar batteries was proposed by scientists from the University of Science and Technology MISIS as part of a research team. According to the authors, the development will increase the efficiency of solar cells and make them translucent. The study is published in the journal Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells.
Scientists from the National University of Science and Technology MISIS (NUST MISIS) have set themselves the task of creating a new type of solar batteries that will not only generate electricity, but also transmit light. To do this, solar cells must be made from one of the types of artificial crystalline material perovskite, and their operation requires special transparent electrodes that must conduct electricity well.
Today in industry, indium tin oxide is used for such purposes, which is applied to perovskite solar cells using magnetron sputtering. However, as the university said, this method is not suitable for creating highly efficient batteries. Indium tin oxide deposited in this way has many defects and does not have the desired properties. In addition, during magnetron sputtering, the perovskite and other layers of the battery are damaged. Because of these problems, the efficiency of solar cells is low.
NUST MISIS scientists have developed a method for depositing indium tin oxide using ion-beam sputtering. In their opinion, it makes it possible to obtain indium tin oxide with the desired properties without using high temperatures and without damaging other layers of the battery.
The researchers fabricated translucent solar cells and showed that the use of ion-beam sputtering resulted in an increase in efficiency from 3.12% (for a magnetron-sputtered ITO sample) to 12.65% for a sample obtained by ion-beam sputtering.
«Our development will help create two types of solar cells: tandem and translucent, which can be built into the windows of houses,» said Lev Luchnikov, an engineer at the Laboratory of Advanced Solar Energy [L.A.S.E] at NUST MISIS.
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According to him, tandem solar cells are a multilayer photovoltaic structure in which two or more photoactive materials are connected in series to use sunlight more efficiently by increasing the spectral width of radiation absorption.
Translucent solar cells, in addition to generating electricity, are capable of transmitting visible light. Researchers believe that this property will allow architects and designers to integrate solar cells into windows, facades and other building structures in a variety of ways.
The advantage of the new method, according to the creators, is its lower cost, while other methods of applying ITO to solar cells (low-speed magnetron sputtering or the use of graphene electrodes and metal nanowires) make batteries more expensive and require more materials and time to manufacture.
Scientists from NUST MISIS, A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Skoltech, Rome Center for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, and the University of Turin.
The study was conducted with the financial support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia within the framework of the Priority 2030 program.
In the near future, scientists will continue to develop tandem solar cells based on perovskite and silicon.
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