NOVOSIBIRSK, November 21. Scientists from Tomsk State University (TSU) last season identified 20 rare species of mushrooms in the region, including the tropical mushroom Entonema cinnabar, which had not previously been found in Siberia -red (Entonaema cinnabarinum), the university reported.
Thus, some of the findings of TSU biologists have not previously been found not only in the Tomsk region, but also in Siberia as a whole. Among the discoveries are such rare species for Russia as buffalo moth (Hortiboletus bubalinus), sugar hebeloma (Hebeloma sacchariolens) and a number of others.
«»The find of the year was the «tropical» mushroom Entonema cinnabar-red. The northern border of its distribution is the south of Western Europe. In Russia, it was recorded sporadically in the Black Sea region and is relatively regularly found in the Far East in the Ussuri Nature Reserve. Several related species of this genus are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions: America, Australia, Southeast Asia, India, Africa,” said Sergei Gashkov, a scientist at the TSU Biological Institute and a member of the university’s mycological working group.
The exotic mushroom has an equally exotic “appearance” — it is an orange spherical fruiting body filled with greenish mucus. The spread of the fungus involves insects — horntails, in whose ovipositor spores-propagules are stored in a special organ, which indicates a symbiont relationship between the fungus and the insect. The horntail lays its eggs in the wood and sows the necessary mushrooms there, which will subsequently supplement the diet of the insect larvae. In the Tomsk region, a tropical mushroom was found on the dead wood of an old bird cherry tree on the territory of the Kolarovo Polygon educational and research station.
“There was great bewilderment when Nadezhda Kudashova, a senior researcher at the Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics at TSU, and I identified this fungus, and the country’s leading ascomycete mycologists from the Biological Institute in St. Petersburg confirmed the find,” Gashkov said. Later, scientists found a second specimen of the mushroom on the territory of the Mikhailovskaya Grove in Tomsk. The conditions and reasons for its appearance in Siberia have yet to be studied.
In addition, this year, for the first time in the Tomsk region and Siberia as a whole, students of the Biological Institute in the University Grove of TSU discovered the buffalo moth (Hortiboletus bubalinus). Findings of this species are known in Europe, New Zealand and North America, but for Russia there are only a few. At the same time, the students found several dozen specimens at once, which indicates favorable conditions that developed this summer for the new moss fly.
Scientists note that the study of fungi is of great importance because they play a vital role in the life of many plants with which they form symbiosis. Knowledge of these connections allows us to develop new biotechnologies. In addition, mushrooms are an important part of the planet’s biocenosis; in particular, they utilize organic matter, returning micro- and macroelements to the environment, and also serve as food for many animals and humans. Annual mycological monitoring makes it possible to analyze the features of climate transformation and the impact of these processes on the environment.
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