Anxiety disorders can also be treated with the help of bacteria
More than 300 million people in the world, according to WHO, suffer from one or another anxiety disorder. The number of such patients has increased 1.5 times since the COVID pandemic. And this is only according to official data. Unofficially, every third person in the world experiences symptoms of anxiety disorders.
Recent research by scientists has shown that the origin of anxiety occurs not in the head, but in… the intestines. Therefore, today it is proposed to treat anxiety by improving bowel function. Experts spoke about this during a scientific conference held in Moscow.
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Where is the root of anxiety disorders? In recent years, researchers are increasingly inclined to believe that it should be looked for in the intestines. However, at the beginning of the last century, psychiatrist John Porter Phillips, working with his patients, drew attention to the poor color of their faces, brittle nails, and poor hair condition. He conducted a bold experiment: he changed the diet of his wards, reducing the amount of animal protein and increasing the amount of vegetables and dairy products. The doctor was amazed that after just three months on the new diet, 11 of his 18 patients recovered, and two more showed improvement in their condition. “Recent scientific global reviews show that dietary strategies make a positive contribution to the treatment of depression and anxiety. The basis of such diets is the inclusion of fiber and fermented milk products in the diet,” says clinical nutritionist Anastasia Pekhova.
Gastrointestinal diseases are closely related to signals from the central nervous system. They can inhibit the production of pancreatic enzymes, reduce intestinal motility, etc.
Psychologist, neuropsychologist Tatyana Uryvnikova says that anxiety disorders today are detected in 15-61% of patients with functional gastrointestinal pathology (irritable bowel syndrome, dyspepsia, etc.) and up to 80% of patients with anxiety disorders complain of gastrointestinal disorders, including , increased peristalsis. “Because intestinal bacteria produce neurotransmitters, the gut can influence the brain. The intestines, weakened by constant sympathetic activity, may begin to work poorly, and vice versa,” says Tatyana Uryvnikova.
Today, doctors are attaching increasing importance to the enteric nervous system (ENS). It is believed that the central nervous system is more responsible for thinking, and the enteric system is for feelings and emotions; it can work autonomously and make decisions on its own (for example, it can signal the intestines to sleep).
The ENS consists of a network of neurons that lines the entire gastrointestinal tract, like a stocking. And the number of neurons produced by the gastrointestinal tract is greater than that of the peripheral nervous system or the spinal cord. Thus, it is known that 90% of serotonin and 50% of dopamine are produced by the enteric nervous system.
“More than 90% of the transmitted signals from the nervous system are ascending – from the intestines to the brain; therefore the state of the intestine and its microbiota determines what these signals are. So anxiety is born in the intestines, says Anastasia Pekhova. – microbiota regulates both mood and psycho-emotional state.
In addition to dopamine and serotonin, the intestines synthesize hormones such as norepinephrine (it turns on and excites), ATP (energy source), GABA (quenches excitatory signals, calms).
Anxiety can develop both with a lack of serotonin and with a long-term deficiency of GABA.
Which bacteria contribute positively and negatively to the development of anxiety disorders? In the course of studies on mice without microbiota from birth, scientists found that the main normalizers of anxiety disorders are groups of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. But an increase in negative reactions and stress is caused by a number of pathogens, first of all Escherichia coli (Escherichia coli).
Therefore, scientists have come to the conclusion that anxiety disorders can be treated with the help of bacteria. By the way, recent studies have shown that popular antidepressants not only produce serotonin, but also have an antimicrobial effect (suppress the growth of streptococci and have powerful antifungal activity). Therefore, patients on antidepressants simultaneously improve their intestinal condition.
And the very latest know-how is psychobiotics. We're talking about a new class of probiotics that may have an impact on mental health.
So how can we influence our anxiety through the gut?
As Anastasia Pekhova says, it is necessary to reduce the use of antibiotics whenever possible (which, alas, is not always possible). By worsening the condition of the intestinal microflora, they worsen the mental state.
The second important point is a good diet that includes all types of fiber (oligosaccharides, insulin, pectin, chitosan, etc.) “Only fiber can increase our own microbiota.” ;, experts say.
“If until now you have eaten few vegetables and fruits, and most Russians are deficient in them, then the amount of fiber in the diet should be increased gradually,” advises Ekaterina Veselova, an expert at the International Institute of Integrative Nutrition. – Fiber helps to bring to the optimal amount of friendly intestinal microflora, which helps produce neurotransmitters. However, you cannot sharply increase fiber – this is also food for bacteria, so if you start eating vegetables in large quantities one day, this will lead to bloating and other unpleasant symptoms.
Slowly try to add various sources of fiber to each meal, and these are carrots, beets, pumpkin, all types of cruciferous vegetables (any type of cabbage), greens. It’s better to start with thermally processed vegetables, and then you can switch to raw ones.”
Well, experts also recommend bringing the protein content in the diet to the optimum. Its excess also interferes with the balance of microflora. And even healthy protein bars can have a negative impact in this regard.
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