MOSCOW, December 14 Scientists from the Yenisei Siberia Research Center have determined the optimal amount of an expensive alloying additive for an alloy based on aluminum and magnesium — magnalium. According to the authors of the study, refinement of the technology for manufacturing alloys with small amounts of the rare earth metal scandium has made it possible to approach strength indicators where there is significantly more of this metal. The results are presented in the International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture.
Today, many spare parts for the aviation industry and automobiles are made from aluminum-based materials. However, in its pure form, this metal does not have sufficient mechanical characteristics, so it is used in the form of alloys with other metals, experts explained.
The development of new aluminum alloys and the study of their performance characteristics is an urgent task for the domestic industry. The requirements of the mechanical engineering industry of the Russian Federation are becoming higher for alloys and materials used for the manufacture of critical components and assemblies for automobile, aircraft, ship, and rocket manufacturing, said specialists from the Yenisei Siberia scientific and educational center.
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“For competition-sensitive industries, the cost of alloys is critical in determining the final cost of the product. Therefore, the development and implementation of new high-strength, but more competitive aluminum alloys will minimize the compromise between the quality and cost of a product made from such an alloy,” explained one of the study’s co-authors, head of the laboratory of low-carbon metallurgy and energy at Siberian Federal University Pavel Yuryev.
One of the most interesting aluminum alloys for mechanical engineering are magnesium (alloys of the aluminum-magnesium system). It is on their basis that new alloys 1580 and 1581 were created, which are currently successfully used in rocketry and shipbuilding, scientists said.
“Studies of the cast and deformed structure of such alloys have shown that during annealing, dispersed particles of the Al3 (Sc, Zr) phase are released from the solid solution of the ingots, which, during deformation of the alloys and subsequent technological heating, contribute to the formation and preservation of the sub-grain structure in sheet semi-finished products. Sheet semi-finished products after annealing (even for the version of the alloy with a scandium content of 0.03%) exceed the strength characteristics of serial alloy 5083 by at least 10%,” said Yuryev.
Alloying components are added to industrial alloys in the amount of tenths or even hundredths of a percent. Despite such low contents, the cost of alloying additives can exceed the price of the base material and make a significant contribution to pricing, experts emphasized.
Therefore, the laboratory believes that further research conducted by the team and aimed at reducing expensive scandium in the base alloy and its compensation with a combination of other metals: yttrium, erbium, ytterbium is an urgent task for metallurgy.
According to Yuryev, the developments of scientists from the Yenisei Siberia Research Center in this area make it possible to create high-quality aluminum-based alloys, which contain a small amount of additives of expensive and scarce metals, and are as strong as or superior to similar products, which contain significantly more of these additives .
The head of the laboratory also noted that optimization of alloy compositions is also important from the point of view of resource conservation. Considering the low content of rare earth elements in the earth's crust, their use in various fields of industry should be rational.
The research work was carried out by employees of the laboratory of low-carbon metallurgy and energy within the framework of the state assignment for science of the Siberian Federal University, as an organization participating in the scientific and educational center «Yenisei Siberia» within the framework of the national project «Science and Universities».
The world-class scientific and educational center «Yenisei Siberia» was created in 2019 on the initiative of the heads of three regions: the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Republics of Khakassia and Tyva. It unites regional scientific and educational organizations with companies in the real sector of the economy. The center's members include nine universities, five research institutes and 14 industrial enterprises.
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