MOSCOW, January 9. Scientists from the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography SB RAS examined the “fire reserves” of the Novosibirsk Ob region at the beginning of the 18th century and found evidence that there were cannons in the Urtam, Umrevinsky, Chaussky and Berdsky forts, the institute reported.
In the 17th century Vast territories of Siberia were annexed to Russia. In this process, artillery weapons often became the key to successful actions of Siberian archers and Cossacks, therefore today artillery cannonballs as a special category of artifacts of the early modern period in the north of the Upper Ob attract the attention of archaeologists and historians.
Researchers from the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of the SB RAS, under the leadership of the leading researcher at the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of the SB RAS, Doctor of Historical Sciences Andrei Borodovsky, established that sets of cores from the Urtam, Umrevinsky, Chaussky and Berdsky forts were part of the artillery resource of the Streltsy and Cossacks. However, according to written sources, the presence of such reserves was not typical for all forts in the region.
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The results of archaeological research allowed scientists to establish that a fairly large collection of different-sized nuclei was stored in the Umrevinsky fort. According to scientists, this suggests that the fort had from one to three to five cannons. In the fortresses (Bikatunskaya and Kuznetskaya) the number of cannon barrels could be a dozen or more. The researchers also mapped isolated finds of cannonballs on the territory of the Novosibirsk Ob region.
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"In general, the finds of cannonballs not only confirm the presence of artillery reserves in the forts, but also serve as indirect evidence of the presence of various cannon barrels there, even if these there is no evidence of guns in written sources of its time,” said Borodovsky.
According to him, the localization of finds has certain features. Firstly, the finds of the cores were located in close proximity to the forts themselves (Umrevinsky, Chaussky and Berdsky). Secondly, some of these items were discovered in the vicinity of these defensive points. Thirdly, finds of cores were found far beyond the location of the known forts of the Upper Ob region.
This topography of the finds of the cores obviously reflects certain functional features of these objects, Borodovsky believes.
“In the case of the direct location of the cores at the site of the forts, this is clearly related to their initial localization as part of the artillery supplies of these border defensive structures. At the same time, the finds of cores far beyond the location of forts are associated with the fact that these objects are quite mobile and multifunctional outside the sphere of military activity. The cores can be used as a device for cleaning chimneys, as fishing sinkers, and also as part of the equipment of miners when washing gold in trays,” noted the archaeologist.
The research was carried out within the framework of the research program FWZG-2022-0005 “Research of archaeological and ethnographic monuments in Siberia during the era of the Russian state.”
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