Quantum technologies are one of the most promising areas in modern physics in terms of possibilities for further practical application. What problems can quantum computers solve? Ilya Semerikov, deputy head of the scientific group at the Russian Quantum Center, who received the “Challenge” prize for creating an ion quantum processor using multi-level quantum systems — kudit, told Kommersant about this.
According to Ilya Semerikov, some problems can be solved faster with a quantum computer than with a classical one. And this can both benefit society and cause harm. A striking example of this is the Shor algorithm used on quantum computers. With its help, it becomes possible to hack public key cryptographic systems. This was first demonstrated in 2001 by IBM specialists who, using a quantum computer with 7 qubits, factored the number 15 into factors of 3 and 5. “Since then, many research groups have begun to actively develop algorithms for quantum computers to solve cybersecurity problems and others, including including in solving systems of linear equations, in chemistry, and in machine learning. It is expected that the number of tasks for a quantum computer will only grow,” said Ilya Semerikov.
Ilya Semerikov clarified that the development of quantum computing today is similar to how classical computers developed. Before their appearance, it was difficult to predict what problems they would solve. At first, algorithms were created for non-existent computers, the set of these algorithms was very limited, and they all somehow came from manual calculations. It later turned out that the class of algorithms that can be run on a classical computer is much larger than expected. A similar story could happen with quantum computers.
“Quantum computing is working with complex and multidimensional systems, high-dimensional spaces. What this will give in the applied aspect, we can only guess. So my honest and truthful answer to the question about the practical application of quantum computers is the following: today we understand that a quantum computer can relatively easily carry out rotations in spaces of very large dimensions, but it is still quite difficult to understand what applied results this will have — we need wait for the emergence of large quantum computers,” noted Ilya Semerikov.
The National Prize in the field of future technologies “Challenge” is timed to coincide with the Decade of Science and Technology announced in 2022 and is designed to recognize breakthrough ideas and inventions , changing the landscape of modern science and the life of every person. The founder of the prize is the Foundation for the Development of Scientific and Cultural Relations “Challenge” together with Gazprombank with the support of the Moscow government. The general partner of the award is the state corporation Rosatom.
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