MOSCOW, March 28. The connection between certain genetic markers and metabolic parameters that are responsible for pancreatic function and tissue sensitivity to insulin was revealed by TMU scientists. Thus, they learned to determine a person’s predisposition to carbohydrate metabolism disorders and the development of type 2 diabetes. The results of the work are presented in the Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine.
Diabetes is a serious, chronic disease that develops when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Without proper treatment, diabetes can lead to complications such as blindness, limb amputation, kidney failure, heart attack and stroke. Currently, two types of diabetes are known — type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent) and type 2 diabetes (non-insulin-dependent).
In Russia, according to the Ministry of Health, more than 10 million people suffer from diabetes mellitus, in 95% of cases it is type 2 diabetes mellitus. The development of this type of disease can be prevented by following a diet, using medications and leading an active lifestyle, but an important risk factor is genetic predisposition.
Scientists from Tyumen State Medical University (TMU) examined 64 people with early disorders of carbohydrate metabolism.
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“This is a condition when the development of carbohydrate disorders is a reversible process — precisely the period when a person who is predisposed to developing type 2 diabetes mellitus can still prevent the disease,” explained Dilara Isakova, associate professor of the department of hospital therapy with a course in endocrinology at TMU.< /p>
According to her, all patients underwent comprehensive clinical, laboratory, immunochemical and genetic examinations.
As a result, it was proven that two genetic markers — TCF7L2 and PPARG — can identify predisposition to the development of type 2 diabetes.
“During the study, we confirmed the connection of the analyzed genetic markers with the progression of prediabetes (a condition preceding diabetes, when blood glucose levels are already above normal, but have not yet reached values corresponding to the diagnosis of diabetes) and the development of type 2 diabetes,” she said, explaining, that these markers are associated with indicators of carbohydrate metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors — elevated levels of triglycerides and arterial hypertension.
According to Tyumen scientists, this study is of practical importance for therapists, general practitioners and endocrinologists: «the inclusion of genetic markers in research protocols for patients with prediabetes will make it possible with a high degree of probability to predict type 2 diabetes and create a personalized approach to the treatment of patients with early disorders of carbohydrate metabolism to prevent the development of the disease.»
«It is important for practicing physicians to correctly build an algorithm work with patients with prediabetes to prevent the development of the disease,” emphasized Dilara Isakova.
In the future, the TMU research team, whose rector is the scientific consultant of this project, plans to expand the sample of patients for confirmation their findings, include 10 more polymorphic markers in the study and develop an algorithm for managing patients with early disorders of carbohydrate metabolism.
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